Gutters

Gutters are the gaps between your columns, used to responsively space and align content in the Material Style grid system.

How they work

Gutters are the gaps between column content, created by horizontal padding. We set padding-right and padding-left on each column, and use negative margin to offset that at the start and end of each row to align content.
Gutters start at 1.5rem (24px) wide. This allows us to match our grid to the padding and margin spacers scale.
Gutters can be responsively adjusted. Use breakpoint-specific gutter classes to modify horizontal gutters, vertical gutters, and all gutters.

Horizontal gutters

.gx-* classes can be used to control the horizontal gutter widths. The .container or .container-fluid parent may need to be adjusted if larger gutters are used too to avoid unwanted overflow, using a matching padding utility. For example, in the following example we’ve increased the padding with .px-4:

Custom column padding

CODE

html

<div class="container px-4 text-center">
  <div class="row gx-5 bg-warning-subtle">
    <div class="col">
     <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Custom column padding</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Custom column padding</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

An alternative solution is to add a wrapper around the .row with the .overflow-hidden class:

Custom column padding

CODE

html

<div class="container overflow-hidden text-center">
  <div class="row gx-5 bg-warning-subtle">
    <div class="col">
     <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Custom column padding</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Custom column padding</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Vertical gutters

.gy-* classes can be used to control the vertical gutter widths within a row when columns wrap to new lines. Like the horizontal gutters, the vertical gutters can cause some overflow below the .row at the end of a page. If this occurs, you add a wrapper around .row with the .overflow-hidden class:

Custom column padding

CODE

html

<div class="container overflow-hidden text-center">
  <div class="row gy-5 bg-warning-subtle">
    <div class="col-6">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Custom column padding</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-6">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Custom column padding</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-6">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Custom column padding</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-6">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Custom column padding</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Horizontal & vertical gutters

Use .g-* classes to control the horizontal and vertical grid gutters. In the example below, we use a smaller gutter width, so there isn’t a need for the .overflow-hidden wrapper class.

Custom column padding

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row g-2 bg-warning-subtle">
    <div class="col-6">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Custom column padding</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-6">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Custom column padding</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-6">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Custom column padding</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-6">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Custom column padding</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Row columns gutters

Gutter classes can also be added to row columns. In the following example, we use responsive row columns and responsive gutter classes.

Row column

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row row-cols-2 row-cols-lg-5 g-2 g-lg-3 bg-warning-subtle">
    <div class="col">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Row column</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Row column</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Row column</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Row column</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Row column</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Row column</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Row column</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Row column</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Row column</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">Row column</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

No gutters

The gutters between columns in our predefined grid classes can be removed with .g-0. This removes the negative margins from .row and the horizontal padding from all immediate children columns.

Need an edge-to-edge design? Drop the parent .container or .container-fluid and add .mx-0 to the .row to prevent overflow.

In practice, here’s how it looks. Note you can continue to use this with all other predefined grid classes (including column widths, responsive tiers, reorders, and more).

.col-sm-6 .col-md-8

.col-6 .col-md-4

CODE

html

<div class="row g-0 text-center bg-warning-subtle">
  <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-8">
    <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">.col-sm-6 .col-md-8</div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-6 col-md-4">
    <div class="p-3 text-bg-warning">.col-6 .col-md-4</div>
  </div>
</div>

Change the gutters

Classes are built from the $gutters Sass map which is inherited from the $spacers Sass map.

$grid-gutter-width: 1.5rem;
$gutters: (
  0: 0,
  1: $spacer * .25,
  2: $spacer * .5,
  3: $spacer,
  4: $spacer * 1.5,
  5: $spacer * 3,
);

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