Columns

Learn how to modify columns with a handful of options for alignment, ordering, and offsetting thanks to our flexbox grid system. Plus, see how to use column classes to manage widths of non-grid elements.

How they work

Columns build on the grid’s flexbox architecture. Flexbox means we have options for changing individual columns and modifying groups of columns at the row level. You choose how columns grow, shrink, or otherwise change.
When building grid layouts, all content goes in columns. The hierarchy of Material Style’s grid goes from container to row to column to your content. On rare occasions, you may combine content and column, but be aware there can be unintended consequences.
Material Style includes predefined classes for creating fast, responsive layouts. With six breakpoints and a dozen columns at each grid tier, we have dozens of classes already built for you to create your desired layouts. This can be disabled via Sass if you wish.

Alignment

Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns.

Vertical alignment

Change the vertical alignment with any of the responsive align-items-* classes.

One of three columns

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row align-items-start bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1" style="min-height: 10rem;">
    <div class="col text-bg-tertiary">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col text-bg-tertiary">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col text-bg-tertiary">
      One of three columns
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

One of three columns

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row align-items-center bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1" style="min-height: 10rem;">
    <div class="col text-bg-tertiary">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col text-bg-tertiary">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col text-bg-tertiary">
      One of three columns
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

One of three columns

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row align-items-end bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1" style="min-height: 10rem;">
    <div class="col text-bg-tertiary">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col text-bg-tertiary">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col text-bg-tertiary">
      One of three columns
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Or, change the alignment of each column individually with any of the responsive .align-self-* classes.

One of three columns

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1" style="min-height: 10rem;">
    <div class="col align-self-start text-bg-tertiary">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col align-self-center text-bg-tertiary">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col align-self-end text-bg-tertiary">
      One of three columns
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Horizontal alignment

Change the horizontal alignment with any of the responsive justify-content-* classes.

One of two columns

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row justify-content-start bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1 mb-1">
    <div class="col-4 text-bg-tertiary">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-4 text-bg-tertiary">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-center bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1 mb-1">
    <div class="col-4 text-bg-tertiary">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-4 text-bg-tertiary">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-end bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1 mb-1">
    <div class="col-4 text-bg-tertiary">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-4 text-bg-tertiary">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-around bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1 mb-1">
    <div class="col-4 text-bg-tertiary">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-4 text-bg-tertiary">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-between bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1 mb-1">
    <div class="col-4 text-bg-tertiary">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-4 text-bg-tertiary">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-evenly bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1">
    <div class="col-4 text-bg-tertiary">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-4 text-bg-tertiary">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Column wrapping

If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.

.col-9

.col-4
Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.

.col-6
Subsequent columns continue along the new line.

CODE

html

<div class="container">
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1">
    <div class="col-9 text-bg-tertiary">.col-9</div>
    <div class="col-4 text-bg-tertiary">.col-4<br>Since 9 + 4 = 13 &gt; 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.</div>
    <div class="col-6 text-bg-tertiary">.col-6<br>Subsequent columns continue along the new line.</div>
  </div>
</div>

Column breaks

Breaking columns to a new line in flexbox requires a small hack: add an element with width: 100% wherever you want to wrap your columns to a new line. Normally this is accomplished with multiple .rows, but not every implementation method can account for this.

.col-6 .col-sm-3

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1">
    <div class="col-6 col-sm-3 text-bg-tertiary">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div>
    <div class="col-6 col-sm-3 text-bg-tertiary">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div>

    <!-- Force next columns to break to new line -->
    <div class="w-100"></div>

    <div class="col-6 col-sm-3 text-bg-tertiary">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div>
    <div class="col-6 col-sm-3 text-bg-tertiary">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div>
  </div>
</div>

You may also apply this break at specific breakpoints with our responsive display utilities.

.col-6 .col-sm-4

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1">
    <div class="col-6 col-sm-4 text-bg-tertiary">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div>
    <div class="col-6 col-sm-4 text-bg-tertiary">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div>

    <!-- Force next columns to break to new line at md breakpoint and up -->
    <div class="w-100 d-none d-md-block"></div>

    <div class="col-6 col-sm-4 text-bg-tertiary">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div>
    <div class="col-6 col-sm-4 text-bg-tertiary">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div>
  </div>
</div>

Reordering

Order classes

Use .order- classes for controlling the visual order of your content. These classes are responsive, so you can set the order by breakpoint (e.g., .order-1.order-md-2). Includes support for 1 through 5 across all six grid tiers. If you need more .order-* classes, you can modify the default number via Sass variable.

First in DOM, no order applied

Second in DOM, with a larger order

Third in DOM, with an order of 1

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1">
    <div class="col text-bg-tertiary">
      First in DOM, no order applied
    </div>
    <div class="col order-5 text-bg-tertiary">
      Second in DOM, with a larger order
    </div>
    <div class="col order-1 text-bg-tertiary">
      Third in DOM, with an order of 1
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

There are also responsive .order-first and .order-last classes that change the order of an element by applying order: -1 and order: 6, respectively. These classes can also be intermixed with the numbered .order-* classes as needed.

First in DOM, ordered last

Second in DOM, unordered

Third in DOM, ordered first

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1">
    <div class="col order-last text-bg-tertiary">
      First in DOM, ordered last
    </div>
    <div class="col text-bg-tertiary">
      Second in DOM, unordered
    </div>
    <div class="col order-first text-bg-tertiary">
      Third in DOM, ordered first
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Offsetting columns

You can offset grid columns in two ways: our responsive .offset- grid classes and our margin utilities. Grid classes are sized to match columns while margins are more useful for quick layouts where the width of the offset is variable.

Offset classes

Move columns to the right using .offset-md-* classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by * columns. For example, .offset-md-4 moves .col-md-4 over four columns.

.col-md-4

.col-md-4 .offset-md-4

.col-md-3 .offset-md-3

.col-md-6 .offset-md-3

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1 mb-1">
    <div class="col-md-4 text-bg-tertiary">.col-md-4</div>
    <div class="col-md-4 offset-md-4 text-bg-tertiary">.col-md-4 .offset-md-4</div>
  </div>
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1 mb-1">
    <div class="col-md-3 offset-md-3 text-bg-tertiary">.col-md-3 .offset-md-3</div>
    <div class="col-md-3 offset-md-3 text-bg-tertiary">.col-md-3 .offset-md-3</div>
  </div>
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1">
    <div class="col-md-6 offset-md-3 text-bg-tertiary">.col-md-6 .offset-md-3</div>
  </div>
</div>

In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to reset offsets.

.col-sm-5 .col-md-6

.col-sm-5 .offset-sm-2 .col-md-6 .offset-md-0

.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6

.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .offset-md-2 .col-lg-6 .offset-lg-0

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1 mb-1">
    <div class="col-sm-5 col-md-6 text-bg-tertiary">.col-sm-5 .col-md-6</div>
    <div class="col-sm-5 offset-sm-2 col-md-6 offset-md-0 text-bg-tertiary">.col-sm-5 .offset-sm-2 .col-md-6 .offset-md-0</div>
  </div>
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1">
    <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-lg-6 text-bg-tertiary">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6</div>
    <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 offset-md-2 col-lg-6 offset-lg-0 text-bg-tertiary">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .offset-md-2 .col-lg-6 .offset-lg-0</div>
  </div>
</div>

Margin utilities

With the move to flexbox in v4, you can use margin utilities like .me-auto to force sibling columns away from one another.

.col-md-4

.col-md-4 .ms-auto

.col-md-3 .ms-md-auto

.col-auto .me-auto

.col-auto

CODE

html

<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1 mb-1">
    <div class="col-md-4 text-bg-tertiary">.col-md-4</div>
    <div class="col-md-4 ms-auto text-bg-tertiary">.col-md-4 .ms-auto</div>
  </div>
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1 mb-1">
    <div class="col-md-3 ms-md-auto text-bg-tertiary">.col-md-3 .ms-md-auto</div>
    <div class="col-md-3 ms-md-auto text-bg-tertiary">.col-md-3 .ms-md-auto</div>
  </div>
  <div class="row bg-tertiary-subtle gap-1">
    <div class="col-auto me-auto text-bg-tertiary">.col-auto .me-auto</div>
    <div class="col-auto text-bg-tertiary">.col-auto</div>
  </div>
</div>

Standalone column classes

The .col-* classes can also be used outside a .row to give an element a specific width. Whenever column classes are used as non-direct children of a row, the paddings are omitted.

.col-3: width of 25%

.col-sm-9: width of 75% above sm breakpoint

CODE

html

<div class="col-3 p-3 mb-1 text-bg-tertiary">
  .col-3: width of 25%
</div>

<div class="col-sm-9 p-3 text-bg-tertiary">
  .col-sm-9: width of 75% above sm breakpoint
</div>

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